COVID-19 vaccines have been essential in bringing the pandemic under control. They have shown to be highly efficacious against severe diseases
ReadThe SARS-CoV-2 Omicron recombinant XBB subvariant was first detected in September 2022, and rapidly spread across South-East Asia, notably overtaking BA.5 to become the dominant variant in Singapore.
ReadIn response to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, the global scientific community, through unprecedented effort, has sequenced and shared over 11 million genomes through GISAID, as of May 2022.
ReadKeywords: egg passage adaptation; vaccine effectiveness; influenza H3N2 virus; adaptive evolution; vaccine production
ReadSARS-CoV-2 was first detected in late December 2019, however, in the few months that followed, the resultant COVID-19 disease has developed into a devastating pandemic around the world [[1]]. This has led to a race to produce a safe and efficacious vaccine in record time.
ReadEnzymes empower chemical industries and are the keystone for metabolic engineering. For example, linalool synthases are indispensable for the biosynthesis of linalool, an important fragrance used in 60–80% cosmetic and personal care products.
ReadSeasonal human influenza viruses continually change antigenically to escape from neutralizing antibodies. It remains unclear how genetic variation in the intrahost virus population and selection at the level of individual hosts translates to the fast-paced evolution observed at the global level because emerging intrahost antigenic variants are rarely detected.
ReadTo date, limited genetic changes in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genome have been described. Here, we report a 382-nucleotide (nt) deletion in SARS-CoV-2 that truncates open reading frame 7b (ORF7b) and ORF8, removing the ORF8 transcription regulatory sequence (TRS) and eliminating ORF8 transcription.
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